从句讲解(主语从句讲解)

1、主语从句讲解

主语从句,即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子。具体讲解如下:

引导主语从句的连词主要有:

从属连词:that whether

连接代词:who whoever whom whose what whatever which whichever

连接副词:when where how why whenever wherever however

1、常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语。主语从句的时态不受主句时态的影响和限制。

例句

(1)Who will be our monitor hasn\’t been decided yet.

现在还没有决定谁会成为我们的班长。

(2)Whatever you did is right.

你做的任何事都是正确的。

(3)What we need is time.

我们需要的是时间。

2、名词性从句的时态规则:

主句谓语动词是现在或将来时,从句谓语动词可以用任何需要的时态。

I wonder what he is doing now.我想知道他现在在干什么。

Do you know when and where he was born?你知道他在何时何地出身吗?

主句谓语动词是过去时,从句谓语动词一般需用过去时。

(1)从句与主句的谓语动作同时发生,从句用一般过去时或过去进行时。

I thought that he studied hard.我认为他学习很努力。

He told me his son was watching TV.他告诉我他的儿子在看电视。

(2)从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之后,从句用过去将来时。

He said he would spend his holidays in Qingdao.他告诉我他将在青岛度假。

(3)从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之前,从句用过去完成时。

They told me they had waited for me half an hour.他们告诉我他们已经等了我半小时了。

(4)从句如果有表示过去某一具体时间的状语,仍用过去时。

She told me her brother died in 1945.她告诉我她的哥哥(弟弟)死于1945年。

从句时态不受下列客观的条件影响。

(1)从句说明的是不受时间限制的事实或真理(客观真理)。

The teacher told us that the earth turns from west to east.老师告诉我们地球自西向东转。

He said Asia is the largest continent.他说亚洲是最大的大陆。

(2)当从句表示的是反复出现的时态不变。

She told me that she gets up at six o\’clock every morning.她告诉我她每天早晨6点起床。

He asked me when the train usually starts.他向我询问火车通常何时出发。

(3)当从句的谓语动作仍在继续时,或者表示现在仍在的状态时,时态不变。

She told me the other day that she is only 10.她告诉我那天她只有10岁。

(4)当从句的动作状态还未发生,要用一般式表示。强调与现在的联系。

He said he will wait for me this evening.他说他今晚将等待我。

3、为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在句首位置,真正主语搁置于句末

It is certain that he will win the match.他一定会赢得这场比赛的。

It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.他们很有可能会举行一场会议。

用it 作形式主语的结构

(1) It is +名词+that从句

It is a fact that … 事实是……

It is an honor that …非常荣幸

It is common knowledge that …是常识

(2) it is +形容词+that从句

It is natural that… 很自然……

It is strange that… 奇怪的是……

(3) it +不及物动词+that从句

It seems that… 似乎……

It happened that… 碰巧……

(4) it is+过去分词+that从句

It is reported that… 据报道……

It has been proved that… 已证实……

来源:百度百科-主语从句

从句讲解(主语从句讲解)

2、求定语从句讲解及练习

一、基本概念

(一) 定语从句

在复合句中作定语,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

(二) 先行词

被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下,定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。

(三)关系代词和关系副词

定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切,因此紧跟先行词,并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词有:who, whom, which, that和whose, 另外,as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有:when, where和why。在定语从句中充当状语。

二、关系代词的用法

(一)基本用法

根据先行词的不同,和在从句中所充当的成分不同,选用不同的关系代词。

如下表:

关系词

先行词

从句成分

例句

备注

关系代词

who

主语,宾语

Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?

whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that

whom

宾语

Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working

whose

人,物

定语

I like those books whose topics are about history.

that

人,物

主语,宾语

A plane is a machine that can fly.

which

主语,宾语

The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.

as

人,物

主语,宾语

He is such a person as is respected by all of us.

This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.

as做宾语一般不省略

例如:(注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分)

① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? (作主语)

② I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. (作主语)

③ The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. (作宾语)

④ This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. (作宾语)

⑤ The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. (作定语)

注意:关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略,充当主语时则不能。(见上例③④)

(二)关系代词that代替which的一些情况

which, that 在代替物时,一般可以通用。

但在有些情况下,只用 that。

先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。

例如:

⑵ 先行词是序数词,或它前面有一个序数词时。

例如:

⑶ 先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等代词时。

例如:

⑷ 先行词前面有the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every等修饰时。

例如:

(三)宜用who, 而不用that的一些情况

⑴ 先行词是one, ones, anyone时。

例如:

⑵先行词是those时。

例如:

(四)其它情况

⑴ 先行词既有人又有物时。

例如:

⑵ 主句已有疑问词who 或which时。

例如:

(五)与whose有关的问题

⑴ whose是代词的所有格,它既可以代人也可以代物。

例如:

⑵ 当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时,亦可用of which的形式。

例如:

→ The building, the roof of which you can see from here, is a new restaurant.或

三、介词前提的问题

关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时,介词可以前提至关系代词前。

例如:

Have you seen the pen (which) I wrote the note with just now? (which作介词with的宾语)

但是,要注意的是:

⑴ 介词前提后,先行词是人或物,关系代词分别只能用whom和which,而不再用that或who。

⑵ 介词前提后,关系代词不再能省略。

⑶ 有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提,如:look for, look after, take care of等。

例如:

错误:Who is the old man to that you were talking to?

正确:Who is the old man to whom you were talking ? 或 Who is the old man (that/ whom) you were talking to?

错误:These are the sheep of which the boy took care.

正确:These are the sheep (which/that) the boy took care of.

四、关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句中的主谓一致

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。

例如:

例③中的all意为“一切”,作单数。例⑤中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人,因此谓语动词也用单数。

that与which, who, whom的用法区别:

情况

用法说明

例句

只用that的情况

1.

先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。

2.

先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时

3.

先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时

4.

先行词既指人又指物时

5.

先行词被the only, the very修饰时

6.

句中已经有who或which时,为了避免重复时

1. He told me everything that he knows.

只用which, who, whom的情况

1.

在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人

2.

在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom指人。

3.

先行词本身是that时,关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。

1. He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.

二、语法知识拓展

(一)选择适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom或whose,把下列句子补充完整。

(二)用定语从句合并下列句子

(三)单项填空

参考答案

(一)选择适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom或whose,把下列句子补充完整。

(二)用定语从句合并下列句子

(三)单项填空

从句讲解(主语从句讲解)

3、英语从句详细讲解?最好能举些例子

定语从句:在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,例:The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

主语从句:在复合句中充当主语的句子叫做主语从句。例:What we need are good doctors.

宾语从句:就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语。例:They know (that) he is working hard.

表语从句:表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样。例:The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.

同位语从句:在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。例:I heard the news that our team had won.

状语从句:指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。例:He smiled as he stood up.

4、跪求 英语中八种从句详细讲解?

1. 定语从句;2. 时间状语从句;3. 地点状语从句;4. 条件状语从句;5. 同位语从句;6. 表语从句;7. 宾语从句;8. 主语从句;

名词性从句:在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses). 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:

连接词:that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分)

连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.

连接副词:when, where, how, why

不可省略的连词:

1. 介词后的连词

2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略.

比较:whether与if 均为”是否”的意思. 但在下列情况下whether 不能被if 取代:

1. whether引导主语从句并在句首

2. 引导表语从句

3. whether从句作介词宾语

4. 从句后有”or not”

大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。

由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句. That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。

1)名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:

主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气.

宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去.

表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他.

同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安.

形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴.

2)That- 从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:

It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败.

s a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事.”,

5、从句的具体讲解

定语从句是在句子中起形容词作用的主谓结构

名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

[解题过程]

定语从句是在句子中起形容词作用的主谓结构,通常修饰它前面的名词或代词,即它的

先行词。定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的。

1.关系代词引导的定语从句

⑴引导定语从句的关系代词有:who,whom,whose,which,that。

⑵关系代词在从句作主语、宾语、定语和表语的作用;当作宾语时,关系代词常常可省

略。如:

⑶当定语从句所修饰的先行词是人或人格化的动物时,引导词用who,whom或whose;

如果先行词是无生命的东西,用关系代词which;而that可用于以上两种情况。

Which还可以指婴儿、动物和表示单数意义的集合名词,如:

⑷关系代词that和which的语法区别

当先行词的前面有形容词的最高级修饰时,通常用that而不用which。如:

当定语从句所修饰的先行词的前面有all,any,little,only,much等修饰时,或者这些先行

词本身就是all,one,little,much,nothing等不定代词时,通常用that而不用which。

当定语从句作介词的宾语时,只能使用which而不用that。

当定语从句是与代词、数词或名词词组连用引导非限定性定语从句时,只能使用which

而不用that。

当先行词的前面有the+only(first,last,same,next,very)等词修饰时,通常用that而不用

当被用来指代整个句子,引导非限定性定语从句时,只能使用which而不是that。

2.关系副词引导的定语从句

⑴引导定语从句的关系副词有:when,where,why,how等。

⑵关系副词when,where,why在从句中作状语时,可用“介词+which”来替代。如:

3.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句

限定性定语从句与先行词关系密切,用来描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体情况,与主句

不可分割。这种从句在口语中前后没有停顿,在文字中前后没有逗号。

非限制性定语从句与先行词之间的关系比较松散,为主句所描绘的人或物提供一些附加

情况,并非绝对必要。这种从句在口语中有停顿,在文字中往往用逗号与主语隔开。

另外,非限定性定语从句可用which,who,whose,when,where等来引导,但不可以用that

来引导。如:

The wine,which was in the cellar,was ruined.(非限定性)

The wine which (that)was in the cellar was all ruined.(限定性)

在限定性定语从句中,关系代词有时可省略;但是在非限定性定语从句中,关系代词不

能省略。

名词性从句: 包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

引导名词性从句的连词有:who; whom; whose; what; which ;when ;where; why ;how; that; if ;whether; whatever; whenever ; wherever; however 等。

名词性从句注意事项:

从句的语序为陈述句;

连词that不充当任何成分;

what总是要充当主语、表语、宾语等。

If和whether 的区别: if引导宾语从句和条件状语从句; whether引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句.

(1) 主语从句: 用作主语的从句,叫主语从句。

主语从句可以直接放在句首;也可用it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末。

常见的用it作形式主语的复合结构:

It is +名词+that 从句; It is a fact(a pity, a shame, no wonder, good news…)that…

It is+形容词+that从句;It is necessary(strange, important, wonderful, possible , likely,…)that… 这类句中谓语动词多为(should)+动词原形。

It is +过去分词+that 从句; It is said (reported, decided, believed,..)that…

It +不及物动词+that 从句;It seems (happened, doesn’t matter , has turned out,…)that…

What you need is more practice.(what在从句中作need的宾语)

What is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad.( what在从句中作主语)

What he will be in the future is known to us.(what在从句中作be的表语)

Whether she will join us won’t make too much difference .(此处不能用if)

Whoever comes will be welcome.( whoever 在名词性从句中相当于anyone who )

Whatever she did was right. (whatever 在名词性从句中相当于anything that)

It is possible that I may not be able to come. (it是形式主语,真正的主语是划线部分)

(2) 表语从句: 用作表语的从句叫表语从句。 它位于连系动词(如be,seem,remain 等后)

This is why we put off the meeting. (why表结果)

That is because he was ill. (because表原因)

The reason for his absence was that he was ill.(此处不能用because代替that . 句型: The reason …is that…)

As if 引导的表语从句有时可用虚拟语气,表示可能性小。

表示建议,命令,要求一类的表语从句要用虚拟语气:

(3) 宾语从句: 作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

作动词的宾语: He don’t know where the post office is.

在动词suggest, order, demand, require等表示建议,命令,要求的宾语从句要用虚拟语气 (宾语从句的谓语用should+动词原形, should 可省略。)

如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语,要用形式宾语it,而将从句放到补足语后面。

在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句中,如果从句谓语是否定含义,则不用否定形式,而将主句谓语动词think等变为否定形式。

I don’t think you are right. 我想你是不对的。

在think, believe, imagine, suppose, guess, hope 等动词以及I’m afraid等后,可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句,还可用not代替一个否定的宾语从句:

作介词的宾语:

That 引导的宾语从句只有在except, in, but, besides 等少数介词后偶尔可能用到。

有时在介词和其宾语从句的中间加形式宾语it.

I’ll see to it that everything is ready. 我将负责把一切准备好。

作形容词的宾语:

当 if 和whether 引导宾语从句的区别,即用 whether不用if的情况:

作介词宾语

作discuss 的宾语 We are discussing whether we will hold a meeting this weekend

doubt 用于肯定句中,宾语从句可以用if 或whether 引导。

doubt 用于否定句或疑问句中,宾语从句用 that 引导。

(4) 同位语从句:同位语从句跟在一个名词后(如fact, idea, news, hope ,belief, thought, doubt, proof, belief 等),对其作进一步解释。

同位语从句和定语从句的区别:

从意义上讲,前者对名词加以解释说明,后者对名词进行修饰限定。

从结构上讲,前者由连接词引导,后者由关系词引导。

从内涵上讲,前者所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系,that不可省略。后者所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。当被限定的名词是从句逻辑上的宾语时,that 可省略)

The news that they won the match is true. (同位语从句,news 和从句没有逻辑关系, that 不可省略)

The news that you told us yesterday is true. ( 定语从句,news 是told 的逻辑宾语,that可省略)

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